I don't know if this has a name, but I would call it "only alien in town" effect, where someone is part of an ethnicity that is very recognizable due to contrast(difference phenotype compared to locals) and almost nonexistent in a place, which makes it very easy to be misidentified by locals as the other guy that shares your phenotype there.
I understand the fear of that black American living in Incheon after Johnny Somali started his spree there as it can easily be translated to any group. I, for example, although living in South America have a German phenotype. If somehow I ended up moving to live and work in a not very cosmopolitan city[1] in Subsaharian Africa, I would expect some locals to look at me like I were some kind of Alien. Now imagine if some guy from Germany(who I never seen before, but somehow has similar phenotype to mine) visits the place and starts to mess around annoying locals just to make content pissing them off. I would fear for my safety too as people might punch me without warning due to mistaken identity with the jackass that looks like me.
PS:
Johnny Somali